SYNONYM
A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning with another word in the same language. Here is the list of words with their synonyms:
> Beautiful : attractive, pretty, lovely, stunning
> Funny : humorous, comical, hilarious, hysterical
> Intelligent : smart, bright, brilliant, sharp
> Strong : stable, secure, solid, tough
> Kind : thoughtful, considerate, amiable, gracious
> Angry : mad, furious, irate
> Rich : affluent, wealthy, well-off, well-to-do
> Delicious : yummy, tasty, succulent, delectable
> Make : construct, build, do, perform
> Start : begin, commence
> Finish : end, complete, terminate
Examples :
1. The butterfly is beautiful = the butterfly is pretty
2. The cake was delicious = the cake was yummy
Contoh soal :
1. The synonym of effort is...
a. attempt
b. chance
c. choice
d. goal
e. achievement
Once you find questions, such as:
> The underline word has the closest meaning to...
> The underlined word can be replaced with ...
You asked to find the synonim of the word. These questions are more contextual than the question "The synonym of the underlined word is ..."
to answer them, do a double check before choosing the answer. You need to pay attention to the context / situation in order to choose the appropriate synonym.
Tips for Synonym
1. Expand your vocabulary by reading more books, articles, news, or watching movies using English subtitles. You can also learn from the Thesaurus, a special dictionary containing synonyms and antonyms.
2. Remember, to find the right synonym, you have to pay attention to the situation and conditions because not all synonym words are interchangeable or have the same meaning and connotation.
3. Try to replace one word with another. If the meaning is the same, it means they are interchangeable or have the same meaning.
4. Try to apply new vocabulary in your daily life.
ANTONYM
An antonym is a word that has a contrast or opposite meaning with another word in the same language. There are types of antonyms :
1. Relational antonym consists of wors pairs that show the relationship between two opposites, but one cannot exist without the other.
Examples:
Child - parent (there can't be a child without a parent)
Husband - wife (to be a husband, you must have a wife)
Doctor - patient
Theacher - student
Buy - sell
Give - receive
Borrow - lend
2. Complementary antonym has middle ground between a word and its opposite. It is absolute.
Examples :
Right -wrong ( it can't be right or wrong at the same time)
True - false
Entrance - exit
Push - pull
Dead - alive
Exterior - interior
3. Gradable antonym is an antonym that can be scaled. It typically consists of pairs of a adjectives that can be qualified by adverbs, such as very, quite, extremely, etc. For axample. we can say the tickets were expensive or the tickets were cheap. However, as expensive and cheap are gradable (not absolute) antonyms, we can also qualify how expensive or cheap they were :
> The tickts were surprisingly expensive / The tickets were very expensive / The tickets were quite expensive.
> The tickets were incredibly cheap / The tickets were rather cheap / The tickets were undeniably cheap.
Further examples are :
Young - Elderly
Hard - easy
Friendly - unfriendly
Hot - cold
Wet - dry
Interesting - boring
Contoh soal :
1. Which of the following words means the opposite of COMMENCE ?
a. Begin
b. Refresh
c. Join
d. Stop
e. Break
Jawaban yang tepat adalah D
Tips for Antonym :
1. Expand your vocabulary by reading more books, articles, news, or watching movies using English subtitles. You can also learn from the Thesaurus, a special dictionary containing synonyms dan antonyms.
2. Try to apply new vocabulary in your daily life.
WORD MEANING
A word meaning expalins the meaning of something (word or phrase). It may sound similiar with synonym, but actually it's different.
Synonym :
Respondents = Interviewees
Word meaning :
Respondents = Those who participate in a survey
Example :
Why recycling is so hard
1. Why is getting Americans to recycle more so challenging? First, many of them don't understand waste problems and recycling strategies. Few are aware of the environmental problems waste causes, and most have a hard time connecting individual actions to those problems.
2. Most people don't know where their waste goes, whether it includes recyclables or what can be made from them. They may know what day to put out curbside trash and recycling, but are unsure which materials the companies accept. In a 2019 survey of 2000 Americans, 53% erroneously believed greasy pizza boxes could be recycled, and 68% tought the same for used plastic utensils.
3. Another 39% of respondents cited inconvenience, and poor access to recycling facilities as major barriers. Calofornia pays a 5- to 10-cent redemption fee for each beverage container, but the facilities often are inconvenient to reach. for example, the closest to my home in Los Angeles is eight miles away, which can involve driving for an hour or more. That's not worth it for the few cans my family produces.
4. Most U.S. consumers are opposed to pollution, of course, but researchshows that they seldom view themselves as significant contributors. As taxpayers, they hold local governments responsible for recycling. Many are not sure what happens next,or whether their actions make a difference.
(adaptes from: https://theconversation.com/how-to-boost-recycling-reward-consumers-with-discounts-deals-and-social-connections-124389)
What does 'recycle' (paragrapgh 1) mean?
A. Sorting waste into categories
B. Compiling waste for later use
C. Tranforming waste into new objects
D. An act of reducing waste pollution
E. Contributing to waste management
Pembahasan:
Tipe soal ini adalah Vocabulary Question yang berfokus pada Word Meaning atau arti/definisi kata. Soal ini bertujuan untuk mencari definisi dari kata recycle yang ada pada paragraf ke-1 bacaan di atas.
Petunjuk definisi recycle yang terdapat di paragraf ke-2 yakni what can be made from them yang berarti apa yang bisa dibuat dari sampah. sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa recycle berarti menciptakan sesuatu yang baru dari sampah.
Jawaban yang benar adalah C
* Buku soal-soal Tes Potensi Skolastik silakan dapat diakses (dipinjam) di Perpustakaan Loka Ghana SMA Negeri 1 Sedayu
